基于委托代理模型的股权激励与企业价值的博弈分析

由于作为委托人的企业所有者不能观测到代理人即员工的行动，只能观测到产出，所以企业所有者需要以观察到的产出水平对员工进行奖励，本文通过以股权激励为基础的博弈分析研究企业制定员工工资合同时应该采用的激励程度。     

Getting beyond relatedness as a driver of corporate value

Our paper scrutinizes how corporate value derives from redeployability of firms' resources to new product markets. We focus on the underexplored determinant of redeployability, inducements, defined as advantages in returns in new over existing markets. We assemble separate dimensions of inducements from research on corporate diversification and real options and consider inducements in their entirety. A simulation model casts redeployability as a real option to switch the use of resources across markets and explicates important interdependences among the dimensions of inducements. The model also demonstrates that inducements modify the effect of relatedness on corporate value. Our theoretical arguments amend existing theory and have important implications for corporate diversification research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MODEL UNCERTAINTY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PRICING OF DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

Uncertainty on the choice of an option pricing model can lead to "model risk" in the valuation of portfolios of options. After discussing some properties which a quantitative measure of model uncertainty should verify in order to be useful and relevant in the context of risk management of derivative instruments, we introduce a quantitative framework for measuring model uncertainty in the context of derivative pricing. Two methods are proposed: the first method is based on a coherent risk measure compatible with market prices of derivatives, while the second method is based on a convex risk measure. Our measures of model risk lead to a premium for model uncertainty which is comparable to other risk measures and compatible with observations of market prices of a set of benchmark derivatives. Finally, we discuss some implications for the management of "model risk."     

Pricing Stock Options in a Jump‐Diffusion Model with Stochastic Volatility and Interest Rates: Applications of Fourier Inversion Methods

Fast closed form solutions for prices on European stock options are developed in a jump‐diffusion model with stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rates. The probability functions in the solutions are computed by using the Fourier inversion formula for distribution functions. The model is calibrated for the S and P 500 and is used to analyze several effects on option prices, including interest rate variability, the negative correlation between stock returns and volatility, and the negative correlation between stock returns and interest rates.     

中国外汇衍生品市场发展的次序

本文通过对国际外汇衍生品市场的发展特点和趋势的研究,结合我国外汇衍生品的实际发展状况,提出我国进一步发展外汇衍生品市场的设想,并指出外汇衍生品市场发展所需的配套措施及需要注意的问题.     

商业模式需要创新还是模仿?——基于实物期权博弈的策略研究

企业生命周期中商业模式是不断变动的,本文借用实物期权博弈模型,解决不确定条件下商业模式创新或模仿策略选择问题。由于商业模式创新很难实现专利保护,模仿将难以避免。两期二叉树博弈分析结果表明:商业模式创新和模仿的价值只和企业市场份额α和基期基准倍数I(基期基准现金流与商业模式创新投入比值,表示项目初期的收益率)有关,当基期基准倍数很高且企业份额相差不大时,两个企业都进行商业模式创新是最优选择;当基期基准倍数中等且企业份额相差不大时,有可能出现小企业商业模式创新,大企业模仿的均衡策略组合;当基期基准倍数不低且企业份额相差较大时,则会出现大企业创新,小企业模仿的"智猪博弈";当基期基准倍数较小时,大、小企业都不会有进行商业模式创新的动机。所以,理论上回答了商业模式创新或模仿的理性选择依据,指出商业模式创新与否要根据企业所处的市场竞争格局和项目初期收益率进行综合考量;拓展了实物期权博弈模型在商业模式创新价值评估中的应用,对企业从事商业模式创新具有重要现实指导意义。     

An analytical approximation for pricing VWAP options

This paper proposes a unified approximation method for various options whose pay-offs depend on the volume weighted average price (VWAP). Despite their popularity in practice, very few pricing models have been developed in the literature. Also, in previous works, the underlying asset process has been restricted to a geometric Brownian motion. In contrast, our method is applicable to the general class of continuous Markov processes such as local volatility models. Moreover, our method can be used for any type of VWAP options with fixed-strike, floating-strike, continuously sampled, discretely sampled, forward-start and in-progress transactions.     

THE USE OF PPP ARRANGEMENTS IN STREET LIGHTING: A WIN‐WIN OPTION?

Street lighting is a classic example of a public good, and governments are extensively involved in its provision. Adequate lighting facilitates both car traffic and personal safety while improving an urban area's character. However, many systems are mismanaged and obsolete, incurring high energy costs and emissions with relatively low lighting quality. Public authorities facing budget constraints often find retrofitting old street‐lighting systems challenging. They have two options: either direct in‐house, public‐authority renovation or contracting with a private company through a public–private partnership (PPP). Although private‐sector‐participation approaches vary, most public authorities can now enter into a street‐light modernization PPP agreement. That can be a win‐win option for both the public and private sectors. The upfront investment is small and operational expenses outweigh capital expenses, generating lower payback periods and energy‐cost reduction with light‐emitting diode (LED) technology. Little public expenditure is necessary when private partners are compensated via shared energy savings. We analyze the Detroit street‐light PPP – the United States’ first – and find that PPPs are practical for retrofitting US street lights and in other countries where they are antiquated.     

二叉树方法在风险投资决策中的应用

在过去的20年中,许多学者开始应用期权定价方法去估计实物资产价值,并在此基础上对公司的最优投资决策进行了大量研究。利用二叉树方法,通过对一个欧式期权与一个美式期权构成的复合期权进行定价,完成对风险投资问题的估价。主要有两个方面的内容:用实例说明怎样用二叉树方法对投资期权进行估价;把从期权模型获得的价值与用净现值方法得到的价值相关联,从而获得风险投资的最终的价值。     

银行资产负债中隐含期权的识别与风险管理

随着中国利率市场化改革进程的不断推进,中央银行基准利率的调节频率和商业银行存贷款利率的自主调节幅度都在不断扩大,银行的利率风险正在不断增加,因此商业银行迫切要求及时建立完备的利率风险管理体系。然而传统的银行风险管理方法如资产负债缺口管理,久期管理和凸度管理等已经无法适应隐含期权的资产负债的利率风险管理要求。